The signs may be present immediately or develop over the course of a few hours or days and require immediate medical attention. Many of these can indicate a serious external or internal injury. In additions to bleeding and bumps, there are other physical signs that a person may have a head injury.

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There are 15 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. Lewis is board certified and a Fellow of the American College of Preventive Medicine and American College of Nutrition. He completed post-graduate training at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University, and Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. Military Academy at West Point and Tulane University School of Medicine. He is in private practice in Potomac, Maryland, and is the author of 'When Brains Collide: What every athlete and parent should know about the prevention and treatment of concussions and head injuries.' He is a graduate of the U.S. Army, he founded the nonprofit Brain Health Education and Research Institute. In 2012 upon retiring as a Colonel after 31 years in the U.S. Lewis, MD, MPH, MBA, FACPM, FACN, is an expert on nutritional interventions for brain health, particularly the prevention and rehabilitation of brain injury.

This article was co-authored by Michael Lewis, MD, MPH, MBA, FACPM, FACN.

Signs of serious head trauma